A tooth fracture remains a shocking injury to a tooth, escorted by a desecration of the honesty of its origin or summit. There are different types of tooth fractures: enamel, dentin and root fractures. They are manifested by sharp mobility and displacement of the injured tooth, intense pain. In case of crown fractures, the tooth can be saved with subsequent cosmetic restoration, in case of root fracture, its removal is required. In case of root injury, there is a high risk of periostitis, osteomyelitis and other complications.
General information
A tooth fracture is a tooth damage began by machine-driven force. When a tooth fracture occurs , the anatomical integrity of the tooth root or crown is disrupted. The causes of a tooth fracture are mechanical injuries caused by a blow, a fall, abscess or during chewing when there are hard foreign bodies in the food. The front teeth of the upper jaw are more susceptible to fractures than the teeth of the lower jaw; tooth fractures are often combined with partial dislocations .
Clinical manifestations of tooth fracture
When a tooth is broken, severe unbearable pain occurs , the victim experiences difficulty opening the mouth and closing the teeth. In addition, a tooth fracture is preceded by some kind of trauma, bleeding gumsand pathological loosening of the tooth are noted.
Painful sensations with mechanical and thermal irritation depend on the type and location of the fracture, as well as on the mobility of the tooth. Through the examination, puffiness of the lax tissues of the perioral cavity and pinpoint hemorrhages in the covering and slimy film are sensed. A fracture of the crown of the tooth is clinically manifested in the form of its defect, often such a fracture is accompanied by the opening of the pulp chamber.
Once the cause of the tine is fractured , the tooth converts mobile, bruxim , its striking is sharply aching, gingivitis, and the peak sometimes gains a pink hue.
A tooth fracture can be minor, such as a chipped tooth enamel, or significant, when there is a dentin fracture with or without pulp exposure and a root fracture. Fractures with pulp exposure are called complete, while fractures without pulp exposure are called incomplete.
Diagnosis and treatment of tooth fractures
The diagnosis is made by a dentist based on the presence of trauma in the anamnesis of the disease, characteristic clinical manifestations and complaints of the patient. Before choosing a treatment method, an odontometric and radiographic examination is carried out . The conduct maneuvers and prediction hinge on on the notch of hurt to the tissues of the tooth coating. So, if when a fragment of the crown breaks off, the opening of the tooth cavity does not befall, then the tooth is restored : the crown is subject to restoration using composite filling materials.
Longitudinal, comminuted and oblique fractures of the tooth root require tooth extraction , since the root in this case cannot be used as a support for the pin. After tooth extraction, it is necessary to decide on prosthetics. Modern dentistry offers an alternative way to replace the defect of the dental row resulting from a tooth fracture – dental implantation .
The having an artificial metal-ceramic crown of the tooth is possible due to a transverse fracture of the tooth root.
The therapy strategies are also based on the degree of the tooth fracture. In case it broke in the upper part the canal is filled in and the apical part of the toot is left without any intervention. The trepanation of the tooth with pulp removal should be done in case of a fracture at the middle portion followed by sealing the canal and joining the segments of the teeth using pins.
When the tooth is fractured (this is invariably followed by opening of its cavity, missing and injury to the pulp), the injured pulp ought to be excised and the root canal to be filled. Fractured tooth also caused aphthous stomatitis, dry socket . There is intracanal pinning and crown section of the tooth filling where necessary is done.
With fractures of any degrees of complexity with preservation of the root of the tooth, it is possible, after cleaning and filling the canal, to fix an intracanal pin, which, without the use of dental prosthetics, can enable restoration of the integrity and functionality of the dentition.
Root canal filling is not the complete treatment and once this has been done the teeth have to be completely restored to an anatomical position. This will help you prevent the emergence of malocclusion and other injuries when closing mouth.
Tooth fractures treatment is most preferably done at the earliest opportunity, because without contact with the antagonist tooth, the neighboring teeth come out to tilt and slide. This can possibly entail further orthodontal before prosthetics.
